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Namantar Shahid Smarak
The Namantar Shahid Smarak (English: Name Change Martyrdom Memorial) is a large memorial sculpture dedicated to those who died in the Namantar Andolan. The Namantar Andolan was a 1978 to 1994 movement in India by Dalits (formerly known as Untouchables) who wanted to rename a university in honour of a leading Dalit, B. R. Ambedkar. The movement was vigorously opposed by members of the Hindu community. During 16 years of struggle, there were murders, torture, rapes, burning of colonies, poisoning of wells, property damage, boycotts and lockouts.〔 〕 In 2013, 19 years after the movement’s success, the city government of Nagpur erected this monument in memory of the valour and the sacrifice of Dalit martyrs.〔
==Background==
(詳細はIndian caste system for millennia. In Hinduism, there are four ''varnas'' (classes) and in that system, the Dalits are below the lowest of them. Dalits were considered polluted and this pollution was considered contagious. They worked in jobs which were considered ritually impure, they were not allowed to enter Hindu temples, they had to draw their water from separate wells and they had to live outside of villages.〔 Untouchability was outlawed in 1950, but despite the laws, discrimination continues today.
In the early 20th century, one of the first Dalits to earn a college education was B. R. Ambedkar.〔 Fighting discrimination, he attended Elphinstone College in Bombay, earned a master’s degree from Columbia University in the United States and then earned a doctoral degree from the London School of Economics.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://c250.columbia.edu/c250_celebrates/remarkable_columbians/bhimrao_ambedkar.html )〕 The British Raj made education more available to Untouchables but discrimination continued. Ambedkar established hostels, schools and colleges which were open to Dalits. As part of the movement surrounding the independence of India from Britain, major social changes took place and Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was appointed to lead the committee to draft a new constitution for India. He proposed, and the new country passed into law, a wide range of civil liberties, including the legal abolition of untouchability.
Many Indian universities were renamed after people like Ambedkar and those changes were welcomed with few arguments.〔 The Dalit community in the state of Maharashtra proposed to rename Marathwada University in honour of Ambedkar.〔〔 〕 The chief minister, the legislature, and university leaders approved the change, but a storm of opposition arose among Hindus. On 27 July 1978 riots began and the name change was stopped.〔〔 The riots affected 25,000 Dalits〔 and at least 27 were killed,〔 five by the police.〔 The Namantar Andolan (Name Change Movement) continued for 16 years before the university was renamed Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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